In the early nineteenth century the major economic players of the Atlantic trade lanes -- the United States, Brazil, and Cuba -- witnessed explosive commercial growth. Commodities like cotton, coffee, and sugar contributed to the fantastic wealth of an elite few and the enslavement of many. As a result of an increased population and concurrent economic expansion, the United States widened its trade relationship with Cuba and Brazil, importing half of Brazil's coffee exports and 82 percent of Cuba's total exports by 1877. Disease, Resistance, and Lies examines the impact of these burgeoning mar
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Needell, Jeffrey D. The Sacred Cause: The Abolitionist Movement, Afro-Brazilian Mobilization, and Imperial Politics in Rio de Janeiro. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2020. 361 p.
Debate exists over the reasons for the demise of the trans-Atlantic slave trade to Brazil in 1850. An "Enlightenment School" of historians highlights the political capacity of Brazilian statesmen. This perspective discounts slave resistance as influencing the decisions of high-ranking ministers in Rio de Janeiro. A "Subaltern School" views slave resistance as a key variable in causing a permanent halt to disembarkations. In the wake of the Revolt of the Malês in 1835 in Salvador, Bahia, the largest urban slave revolt in the history of the Americas, numerous observers called for an end to the slave trade. These individuals emphasized that continued importations boded ill for the empire. This essay posits that the arrival of thousands of African slaves to Brazil in the 1830s and 1840s caused severe social tensions. Elite and popular insecurity were particularly evident in the cities of Recife, Pernambuco, Salvador, Bahia and Rio de Janeiro. Several events caused a shift in opinion among high-ranking ministers and common folk by the late 1840s. The appearance of the British Squadron in Brazilian ports and along the coast heightened resistance among slaves and freedpersons. Slave revolts, slave conspiracies, fear of Muslim religion and distrust of African freedpersons forced representatives to seek a permanent halt to the slave trade. Key words: trans-Atlantic slave trade, slave resistance, Revolt of the Malês, African freedpersons. ; Existe um debate sobre as causas da cessação do comércio transatlântico de escravos para o Brasil em 1850. A "Escola Iluminista" de historiadores enfatiza a capacidade política dos estadistas brasileiros. Esta perspectiva minimiza a influência da resistência escrava nas decisões dos ministros de alto escalão no Rio de Janeiro. A "Escola Subalterna" vê a resistência escrava como um fator fundamental no fim permanente dos desembarques. Na sequência da Revolta dos Malês, em 1835, em Salvador, Bahia, a maior revolta urbana de escravos da história das Américas, muitos observadores pediram o fim do comércio escravista. Estes indivíduos enfatizavam que as contínuas importações representavam uma ameaça para o império. Este artigo propõe que a chegada de milhares de escravos africanos para o Brasil nas décadas de 1830 e 1840 gerou graves tensões sociais. A insegurança da elite e do povo era particularmente evidente nas cidades de Recife, Pernambuco, Salvador, Bahia e Rio de Janeiro. Diversos eventos contribuíram para a mudança de opinião entre as autoridades e as pessoas comuns no final da década de 1840. A presença da esquadra britânica nos portos e ao longo da costa brasileira elevou a resistência entre escravos e libertos. As revoltas de escravos, as conspirações de escravos, o medo da religião muçulmana e a desconfiança dos africanos libertos forçaram as autoridades a por um fim permanente ao tráfico de escravos. Palavras-chave: comércio transatlântico de escravos, resistência escrava, Revolta dos Malês, libertos africanos.
In: Canadian journal of Latin American and Caribbean studies: Revue canadienne des études latino-américaines et carai͏̈bes, Band 21, Heft 42, S. 365-391
In: Canadian journal of Latin American and Caribbean studies: Revue canadienne des études latino-américaines et carai͏̈bes, Band 19, Heft 37-38, S. 261-350
In: Canadian journal of Latin American and Caribbean studies: Revue canadienne des études latino-américaines et carai͏̈bes, Band 20, Heft 39-40, S. 271-369